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This is a follow-up course on the first semester one. It takes students through writing correct sentences, devoid of ambiguity, through the paragraph and its appropriate development to the fully-developed essay. The course also emphasizes the importance and the processes of editing written work.

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Engaging in academic work at the university is challenging. This course is aimed at equipping fresh students to make the transition from pre-university level to the university level. It assists them in engaging and succeeding in complex academic tasks in speaking, listening, reading and writing. It also provides an introduction to university studies by equipping students with skills that will help them to engage in academic discourse with confidence and fluency.

The rationale of the course is to equip students with skills that will enable them access and retrieve information in the traditional, hybrid and digital libraries. Students will be able to use ICT efficiently and effectively when they have basic knowledge of computers. The course content include: Types of libraries, library resources and their uses, the role the library plays in the academic community, introduction to computers, the internet.

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The objective of the course is to help students appreciate how the quality of the environment is affected (improved or deteriorated) by various natural processes and human activities.  Students are introduced to parameters used to describe water and air quality.  The course identifies natural processes which lead to improvement in water and air quality (such as photosynthesis and microbial degradation of pollutants) , as well as the human activities which produce micro and macro pollutants leading to greenhouse effects, depletion of stratospheric ozone, climate change, acid rain, eutrophication and deforestation.  The course also covers the natural processes which occur in lakes and rivers and the management measures to control human interference in water bodies.

The course discusses waste generation (human excreta and sullage) and methods of disposal suitable to low-income communities.  These include onsite sanitation systems (pit latrines, ventilated improved latrines, aqua privies, pour flush systems, septic tanks), and offsite sanitation systems (bucket latrines, vault system etc.).  It also covers the basic criteria which govern the design or sizing of such facilities for domestic and public use.  Operation and maintenance requirements for type of facility are also discussed.

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The course is designed to explain the chemical reactions and processes which take place in the natural and engineered environments.  It covers the equations and calculations of reactions in water (acid/base, redox reactions, precipitation and complex formation) and reactions at surfaces (adsorption and ion exchange).  Students are introduced to colloids, surface and analytical chemistry.  The course also covers the applications of chemical principles in water and waste water engineering.  The main categories of organic compounds with emphasis on frequently occurring compounds of sanitary significance are discussed, as well as biological reaction types.

The objective of the course is to introduce students to the concept of fluid mechanics with emphasis on fluid statics. It provides students with the concept of a fluid, properties of the velocity field, thermodynamic properties of a fluid, viscosity and other secondary properties of fluids, flow patterns, pressure and pressure gradient, equilibrium of a fluid element, hydrostatic pressure distributions and their applications to manometry, hydrostatic forces on plane surfaces, hydrostatic forces on curved surfaces, hydrostatic forces on layered fluids, buoyancy and stability, pressure measurement.

The objective of this course is to help students to develop an understanding of how the management of water, sanitation, and hygiene affects population and public health. It is aimed at providing students with the realities on public health as it exists to enable them make informed decisions and conscious choices that will always lead to sustainable management of water resources and environmental sanitation systems. Topics to be discussed in this course will include: link between water, sanitation, hygiene, health and growth, mortality and morbidity rates, incidence and prevalence of water-related diseases in Ghana and the world, different types of water related diseases and their modes of transmission. Engineering and non-engineering prevention, control and eradication mechanisms of water-related diseases will also be discussed.

The course examines environmental factors and their effects on the distribution and abundance of organisms.  It also discusses the structure and dynamic aspects of populations, population interactions and regulatory mechanisms, concepts of community and the ecosystem, energy flow in ecosystems, trophic levels, and human ecology.  Field studies will include population densities, species diversity, evenness and richness and patterns of distribution.  These will be related to environmental conditions. 

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The course introduces students to the meaning and application of Hydrology in water resources and
environmental engineering. It is designed to include all the components of the hydrologic cycle.
Students will be taught to appreciate how changes in precipitation, evapotranspiration, run-off and
groundwater flow affect the hydrologic cycle and the water resources of the world. Measurement and
analysis of the various components of the cycle and statistical methods in determining the erratic nature
in time and space of each component would be discussed. Where applicable, computer programs
associated with modern hydrology will be made available to student to enable them appreciate the
course.

This course is designed to deal with the practical concepts in water supply and other systems involving the flow of water.  It explains the energy considerations that underlie such systems and the use of pumps and their associated energy requirements.  It also deals with the flow of water in open channels as in urban drainage and irrigation systems.  The course further introduces students to the use of dimensional analyses and their application in hydraulic similitude. 

This course aims to introduce students to the concepts of Integrated Waste Management (IWM) and Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) to enable them contribute to address the mirage of solid waste challenges in the country. Topic to be discussed in this course will include: solid waste generation patterns, the concept of waste segregation, collection, treatment and disposal mechanisms, recycling recovery and organic valorization, inclusive solid waste governance, sustainable solid waste financing, legislation, regulation, policy initiatives. Emphasis will also be laid on controlled landfills, waste-to-energy and solid waste management strategies.

This course is designed to introduce students to the various processes involved in water abstraction. It
includes site selection, geophysical survey, drilling and drilling equipment, choice of drilling equipment,
groundwater yield and distribution, well testing and maintenance. The course also covers surface water
collection and storage. This includes intake systems, raw water storage reservoirs, bank infiltration,
small dams, surface and deep well infiltration.

The course is intended to introduce students to water transport, storage and distribution systems, and the
hydraulic calculations involved. It covers the factors affecting water demand and its management. It
also covers the operation and maintenance of water transport and distribution systems. Students are
introduced to the use of computer software for the design of water transport and distribution systems.

The course introduces students to the modelling of environmental processes and unit operations such as
those used in water and wastewater treatment. It covers flows and mass balance equations, rate and state
equations, flux and accumulation, mass transfer phenomenon, reactor types and reaction kinetics. The
course also covers the processes of aeration, sedimentation and filtration, and the equations involved
leading to the sizing of water and wastewater treatment plant units to achieve these processes.

The objective of this course is to introduce students to wastewater collection and storm water drainage
systems, with emphasis on their significance in the urban environment. Students are introduced to
wastewater and storm water drainage with emphasis on estimation of run-off, types of drainage layout
systems (combined and separate sewer systems), and conventional sewer systems. Causes and
prevention of ground water pollution are also discussed. The course also discusses the causes and
effects of floods, and the engineering and non-engineering systems/measures for flood control. Effects
of urbanisation on drainage and the hydrological cycle are also discussed. Students are introduced to
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS).

This course is designed to helps students to understand the various technological and natural processes
involved in municipal wastewater (black water and sullage) treatment. Topics to be treated include:
introduction to wastewater treatment, wastewater characterization, wastewater flowrates and
constituents loadings, physical unit operations, chemical unit operations, introduction to biological
treatment of wastewater, suspended growth biological treatment processes, attached growth and
combined biological treatment processes, anaerobic suspended growth and attached growth treatment
processes, disinfection, sludge treatment and disposal and process control and upgrading of treatment
plant performance. Students will also be introduced to the design of treatment plants and unit processes;
and will embark on field trips to wastewater treatment plants in Ghana to observe and relate theory to
practice.

The course is structured to introduce students to the fundamentals of irrigation systems. It covers
irrigation methods, water quantity and quality requirements for various crops. It also deals with the
design, operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. The management of effluents from irrigation
schemes, especially water reuse, are also discussed. The course also deals with the impact of irrigation
activities on groundwater quality.

Students will spend six weeks in industry for practical training. They will be expected to present a
report after the attachment. The attachment will take place during the vacation after Level 300.

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The objective of this course is to cover the technologies that are applied to the treatment and purification
of water. The course attempts to provide as wide a coverage as possible those technologies applicable to
water (e.g., drinking water). The methods and technologies discussed are a combination of physical,
chemical, biological, and thermal techniques. The course also highlights processes and plants for
groundwater treatment. Basic concepts in plant design and their operation and maintenance are
introduced. The course also introduces process control, performance evaluation and rehabilitation of
plants.

This is a follow-up course to Wastewater Management. It pays particular attention to industrial and
special wastewater such as hospital wastewater and their advanced treatment options. Students will
appreciate the stringent effluent requirements of industries and hospitals and the need for them to
minimize and conserve water. The course is intended to strengthen the understanding of students on all
kinds of wastewater and their different treatment processes.

This course is designed as an introduction to the functions of management. It will provide students with
an overview of the many functions managers must perform. The four management functions: planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling will be discussed in detail.

The course introduces the principles of engineering economy to guide the selection of project options. It
covers the following concepts in investment: interest rates, compound interest, inflation, discount rates,
rate of return, amortisation, depreciation, annual equivalent cost, present value, benefit-cost ratio,
comparative cost and techniques for economic and financial analysis.

This course is designed to help students appreciate how to work with members of a community to ensure
the sustainability of WASH interventions and willingly mobilise to construct, operate and maintain
water and sanitation infrastructure at the community level. It covers areas including understanding
different types of communities (traditional, solidarity or neighbourhood), the community entry process,
factors affecting community mobilisation, community needs assessment, Participatory Learning and
Action (PLA) with emphasis on the SARAR methodology.

The objective is to support students to relate their know-how to solving practical problems within their
communities. Students work as a team of consultants to conduct a baseline study, identify water and
sanitation needs and propose interventions to improve WASH-related services in a chosen community.
Each student in the team is assigned a specific specialty area such as solid waste management, water
treatment and supply, excreta disposal, hygiene promotion and community mobilisation.

The course is designed to inform students of what has become known as the ‘software’ aspects of water
and sanitation. This includes the institutional arrangements and water and sanitation sector issues
needed to be addressed to make water and sanitation service delivery sustainable. It covers topics
including the pressures for institutional development and sectoral reforms and the institutional
development process. The course also helps students to appreciate the factors which determine how the
water and sanitation sector is organised in a country including the roles played by various stakeholder
institutions. Special topics including private sector participation, decentralisation and local governance
are discussed.

This is a follow-up course to Wastewater Management. It pays particular attention to industrial and
special wastewater such as hospital wastewater and their advanced treatment options. Students will
appreciate the stringent effluent requirements of industries and hospitals and the need for them to
minimize and conserve water. The course is intended to strengthen the understanding of students on all
kinds of wastewater and their different treatment processes.

The course introduces concepts in water resources management. It covers human interferences in the
water resources system and the engineering and non-engineering measures that may be adopted to
protect water resources. Students are also introduced to water demand management and basic concepts
in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).

This course is designed to introduce students to the causes of deterioration in water quality in storage
and distribution systems and the measures that may be adopted to preserve post-treatment water quality.
It covers the basics of process quality and control. Attention is paid to the setup of systems for
preventive and curative (daily) process and quality control at all stages of water supply.

This course is designed to introduce students to the causes of deterioration in water quality in storage
and distribution systems and the measures that may be adopted to preserve post-treatment water quality.
It covers the basics of process quality and control. Attention is paid to the setup of systems for
preventive and curative (daily) process and quality control at all stages of water supply.

The objective of this course is to introduce students to the basic concepts of environmental and social
impact assessment and the classification of impact. The course builds on the knowledge of students in
Environmental Quality to equip them with tools for identifying the potential impacts (including the
socio-economic impacts) on the environment of various human activities such as waste disposal, water
supply, construction, agriculture, mining and manufacturing, etc. The course also covers the basic
legislation, procedures/methodologies and measures for conducting and implementing an Environmental
Impact Assessment. Students will be made to undertake a case study.

Students carry out research in any relevant area of interest and submit a comprehensive report. Thematic
areas for consideration include: wastewater, solid waste management, sanitation, waste supply, water
quality and integrated water resources. Each student is assigned a supervisor and is expected to orally
defend his/her work before a panel. As much as possible, students shall be required to undertake
projects that involve practical laboratory work or field measurements, using scientific equipment.